Rep Power: 0

The car is 2013 Civic EX with 110k miles. Using a borescope, I observed the presence of a few white spots on cylinder 4. What are those?

 
Rep Power: 224

My guess would be light reflections. It's really difficult to tell.

 
Rep Power: 0

Definitely not light reflection. I rotate the borescope camera around and those spots stay absolutely stationary.

 
Rep Power: 224

Is the engine burning oil?

 
Rep Power: 0

I haven't had it long enough to know whether it burns oil. The previous owner told me it burns approx 1/2 qt of oil in between oil changes (however many actual miles that may have been in between oil changes is anyone's guess at this point).
So far I have inspected 3 out of 4 cylinders and have not observed any bare spots along the cylinder wall, but my thoroughness is questionable because the position of the pistons may be only half way down the cylinder bore, and the cylinders themselves are angled in such a way that the cameras on the borescope cannot thoroughly capture every exposed surface--it's like the side towards the front just cannot be captured in focus by the scope due to some kind of angle issue.

 
Rep Power: 222

As long as the engine runs well and doesn't burn excessive amounts of oil I wouldn't worry about it.